Sejarah Jaringan (Network)

Interconnected Network atau Internet adalah sebuah sistem komunikasi menyeluruh yang menghubungkan seluruh komputer dan jaringan di seluruh dunia. Dan Jaringan internet adalah rangkaian komputer yang terhubung menerusi berbagai rangkaian. Internet adalah sistem komputer umum. Yang saling terhubung secara global dan menggunakan TCP/IP sebagai protokol pertukaran paket (packet switching communication protocol). Rangkaian jaringan yang terbesar dinamakan internet. Cara menghubungkan rangkaian ini dinamakan internetworking.

Pada awalnya, internet berasal dari sebuah jaringan komputer yang terdiri dari beberapa komputer yang dihubungkan dengan kabel yang membentuk sebuah jaringan (network). Pertama kali tahun 1969, internet dikembangkan dengan nama ARPAnet (advanced research projects agency) oleh departemen pertahanan amerika serikat. ARPAnet dibangun dengan tujuan membuat jaringan komputer yang tersebar untuk menghindari pemusatan informasi di satu titik yang diperkirakan rawan untuk dihancurkan apabila terjadi peperangan. Apabila satu bagian dari jaringan terputus, jalur yang melalui jaringan tersebut secara otomatis dipindahkan ke jalur lainnya.

Kemudian ada jalur utama yang disebut Internet backbone yang menghubungkan semua komputer dan jaringan tersebut. Setiap komputer yang terhubung ke internet mempunyai identitas yang disebut alamat IP, contoh 192.168.100.1. Semua komputer dari berbagai platform seperti Unix, Linux, Mac, Windows dapat saling bertukar informasi dengan sebuah aturan atau protokol standar yang dikenal dengan TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). Jadi TCP/IP ini sebagai penerjemah dari sistem atau bahasa yang berbeda-beda tersebut sehingga kita dengan mudah mendapatkan informasi dari seluruh jaringan komputer di seluruh dunia.

Dari mulai tahun 1972 muncul node-node baru , kemudian ARPANET sudah berhasil memiliki 72 node. Saat itu, layanan yang ditawarkan adalah transfer file, e-mail dan telnet. Ternyata yang semula ditujukan untuk kepentingan riset dan militer berkembang menjadi fungsi-fungsi yang bersifat rekreatif dan sosial. Untuk memudahkan, node-node yang ada di Internet dibagi-bagi ke dalam beberapa domain. Seagai contoh node-node Amerika kini telah dikelompok ke dalam doman-domain sebagai berikut:

• GOV = Goverment (Pemerintah)


• EDU = Education (Pendidikan)


• COM = Commercial (Komersil)


• MIL = Military (Militer)


• ORG = Organisation (Organisasi)


• NET = Getway (Penghubung antar Network)

Pada tahun 1977, bahkan lebih dari puluan komputer mini dan mainframe terkoneksi ke ARPAnet yang sebagian besar berada di universitas. Hubungan komputer ini dimanfaatkan oleh dosen-dosen dan mahasiswa untuk berbagi informasi tanpa meninggalkan komputer. Pada awal 1980-an, ARPAnet dibagi menjadi dua jaringan. Yaitu, ARPAnet dan Milnet. Milnet merupakan jaringan militer, dimana keduanya mempunyai hubungan shingga komunikasi tetap dapat berjalan. Jaringan interkoneksi ini disebut dengan DARPA Internet, tetapi selanjutnya hanya disebut Internet. Internet hanya bisa diakses dengan komputer mini dan mainframe. Setelah dibukanya layanan Usenet dan Bitnet, Internetdapat diakses melalui personal computer (PC). Protokol yang digunakan adalah TCP/IP dengan penggunaan DNS (domain name system).

Pada tahun 1986, dibentuk NSFnet (national science foundation network). NSFnet mulai menggantikan ARPAnet. Pada bulan Maret tahun 1990 ARPAnet dibubarkan. Pada masa NSFnet, berbagai jaringan internasional didirikan dan dihubungkan ke NSFnet. Saat ini, terdapa lebih dari 4.000.000 host internet di seluruh dunia. Sejak tahun 1988, internet tumbuh secara cepat dan berlipat ganda setiap tahunnya.

Contonya pada tahun 1989, Tim Berners-Lee merupakan sarjana lulusan Oxford University di Inggris. Ketika kuliah di Oxford, dia sudah bisa merakit komputer sendiri dari barang-barang elektronik bekas TV. Lalu Selain itu Tim Berners-Lee juga membuat program browser pertama dan server WWW pertama di dunia. Saat ini, browser yang sering digunakan adalah Internet Explorer, Netscape dan Mozilla. Berners-Lee juga menulis piranti lunak yang mendefinisikan Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Uniform Resource Locator (URL), dan Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Kesemua aplikasi ciptaannya tersebut saat ini dipergunakan banyak orang untuk menampilkan isi sebuah situs dan protokol bagaimana situs-situs dapat ditemukan di Internet dan berkomunikasi satu sama lainnya. Itulah mengapa Tim Berners-Lee dipercaya menjabat sebagai pengarah World Wide Web Consortium.

Pada tahun 1991 Berners Lee kemudian memperkenalkan browser pertama. Pada waktu itu browser ini belum banyak dipergunakan media WWW, hingga beberapa tahun kemudian Marc Andressen meluncurkan browser yang lebih populer, Mosaic.Dan teknologi jaringan internet semakin cangih dari tahun ke tahun dengan SDM yang semakin meningkat

Watch your language,uhhh...

I was in jakarta with my friend. We both took the metro mini to go around the city. One afternoon we were seated comfortably on the metro mini. We practically had the bus to ourselves since there was less then dozen people . We chatted, in Bandung, happily feeling secure that peopel around us wouldn’t really understand what we were blabbing about. We talked to our hearts’ content, even about our deeperst secrets. Suddenly i saw a woman sitting across from us, on the far left near the exit, smiling at us. We smile back. Then i got irrittated by her continous smile and attention. “Ngapain sich tu ibu , liat- liat!!!” isaid to my friend. She nudged me saying that spoke too loud. Surely the woman Could hear me but i didn’t care because she probably wouldn’t understand, anyway. We stood by exit, ready to get off the bus. “Selamat bersenang-senang yah mbak!!” the woman said in a thick Javanese accent. Both of us turned red with embarrassment as we walked out door.

Party Bits & Pieces,The colorfull Party.

Invitations : inviting your guests using email and/or SMS is surely pratical. But giving them your masterpiece that they can keep will cherish their memory of this party. You need some pieces of colourful paper, punch holders with different shapesand glue. If you want you can laminate the invitation so your friend can make good use of it even after the party.
Gifts : a party wontbe complete without gifts. Some creatify will help you make your party memorable. With some colorful paper, a sting, and origaninality, you can make bookmarks. Don’t forget to laminate them.
Drinks : As simple as mixxing and soda, passion fruit syrup, passion fruit, water, and some ice cubes....and....volia!!!The tasty drink is ready.
Snacks : No need for special munchies!Simple cracker topped with be good snacks to enjoy with your friends. Easy, scummy, and yummy!!You need some some cracers, a dark chocolate bar, colorful sprinkles, and sesame seeds. Melt the dark chocholate bar, dip half ofthe cookiesin it, and spinkle the coated part with spinkles or sesame seeds. Store the cookies in the freezer for about one minute.

Cheese!The experience photo...make colorfull jokes.

I had been invited to my diving buddy’s wedding party. On the big day, I carefully preened myself losing my usually-tomboy-looks. I had on a beautiful lacy kebaya and sarong. I couldn’t wait to see what my other diving buddieswould be wearing. They had promised to dress up as best as they could for the party. On the big day, the bride and the groom looked awesome. The party was fun and the food looked great. I decided to sample a litle from each dish. While munching, i saw Budi, one of my diving buddies , among several persons heading for a photo session with the happy couple. I quickly put away my delicious plate of lagsana, headed for the podium, and struggled up the podium stairs in costume and high heels. When i finally made it, the photographer was about to shoot. On the double, i positioned myself in front of row, giving the peace sign with my fingers. When the photo session was over and i looked around, i was shocked to find myself among strangers. Except for budi, i had no clue who the other were. Laughters burts from my diving buddies below the podium. Smiling broadly, Budi guided me down the podium to my grinning pals. “can’t wait for your own buddies, huh? Don’t you know Budi is also one of the bride’s high school mates? it’s her high school mates you were posing with!” said one of my friends. Another friend added, “you know what...several minutse ago that guy over there asked me what your name was. He seemed bedazzled by the way you look tonight. Alas, your stage antics changed his mind”. There went my good chance to meet a guy.

Wondreful Trip make my life colorfully like bubbelgum.

It was the frist time visited my dear sister in semarang. I followed her advice to take a train to go there. “C’mon...take a train to semarang it would be a wonderful trip for you! I will pick you up at the station,” she said. So off I went to Semarang and the journeywas quite smooth. I waited and wainted at the Tawang train station, Semarang, but my sister was nowhere to be seen. After a long wait, i decided to take a nice sip of hot strong tea at a cafetaria there. I headed for the cafetaria, sat down, put my bag next to me, and placed my order. “Hmm... this is wath I call decent tea,” i said to myself. “I’m so sick and tired of weak tea. Not bad for a small cafetaria.” It was a small one indeed. Except for me and a gentleman sitting at the opposite table, the place seemed deserted. I spent a long hour thre until i decided not to wait for my sister anymore and started looking for her place myself. I was walking along the platform when I realized that I wasn’t carrying my bag. I panicked and right at that moment I saw the gentleman in the cafetaria walking a few meters in front of me. He was stapping a bag on his bag. “wait a minute, that’s my black bag!” I said in a weak voice.”hey, you ... stop there! That’s my bag!” i shouted. The man stared at me dumbfounded. “this is my bag,” he said. People were gathering around usas I said, “liar, you stole my bag at the cafetaria. You...” I didn’t finish my line because someone tapped my shoulder. It was one of the waitresses of the cafetaria. “miss, I think you left your bag at the cafetaria,”she said and handed me my old black bag. OOOPS! Just like what my sister said, this trip proved to be a “wonderful journey”.

Extravagate is the show make my life more inspiration.

I’d never missed the extravaganza parodyshow on TV. Then I missed out on it when my office in jakarta stationed me in ende. There was no TV in the house where I stayed. I really missed watching my favorite show. One day, a friend told me that a local wartel, a small shop where you can make a paid phone call, own a TV set. The next time Extravaganza was scheduled to be on air, I was in the wartel, busy making local phone calls to several acquaintances. After making the calls, I walked out of the phone booth and sat patiently in front of the TV set hung next to cashier.

Unfortunatly, the TV wasn’t tuned to the TV station that aired Extravaganza. The cashier was intently watching a gossip show. I decided to wait for a few minutes before asking her to change the program .five, ten...fifteen minutes passed. “do you want to make another phona call?” her question really caurht me off-guard and made me stutter.”Nnno, I want to watch Extravaganza,” I answered without thinking. “Oh, that’s why you’ve been sitting there for so long. But sorry, we can’t receive the TV station that airs the show here,” she said sympathetically. Embarrasment and disappointment hit me hard as I walked out of the wartel

The story make my life more hwaaa...ha...

Eggs

A lady goes to breakfast at a restaurant where the special was two eggs, sausage, mashed potato, and toast for Rp. 10,000. “sounds good”, she say “but I don’t want the eggs.” “Then I’ll have to charge you Rp. 13,500. Because you’re ordering a la carte,” the waitress informs her. “you mean I would have to pay for not taking the eggs?” the lady asks disbelievingly. “then I’ll take special.” “how do you want your eggs?” asks the waitress. “raw and in the shell,” the lady replies. She takes the two eggs home.

God Is Watching

The children are lined up to lunch in the cafetaria of an elementary schoolfor lunch. At the head of the table is a large pile of apple. Perviously,the principal made a note and posted it on the apple tray.”take only one. God is watching.” At the other end of the tableis a large pile of chocolate chip cookies. Arriving at the chips, one student whispers to another, “take all you want. God is watching the appels".

Fat-Free Fries

I stopped a fast food restaurant, interested by a sign which offered fat-free fries. I desided to give them a try, but I was disappointed when the clerk pulled a batch of fries from the fryer dripping with fat, and then put a bag of these fries in with my order. “just a minute,” I said, “those aren’t fat-free.” “yes, they are,” he replied, “we only charge for the potatoes, the fat is free.’’